ABSTRACT
Objective To study the regulation of heparanase expression by hypoxia and its correlation to the invasiveness of tumor cells. Methods BxPC-3 cells were cultured in hypoxia in vitro and the heparanase mRNA and protein expression were detected by reverse transcriptional polymerase reaction chains (RT-PCR) and western blot respectively. Matrigel invasion assay was used to observe the invasive abilities of tumor cells in hypoxia and in the status of heparanase was inhibited by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) targeting to the heparanase gene promoter. Results In normoxia, there was a relatively low level of heparanase mRNA and protein expression in cultured BxPC-3 cells. In hypoxia, heparanase expression, mRNA and protein which expressed consistently, were inhibited slightly at 3h and upregulated significantly at 6h, 12h, 24h and 48h. When the heparanase expression was inhibited by AS-ODN, the heparanase mRNA and protein maintained low in hypoxia, however, the nonsense oligodeoxynucleotide (NS-ODN) did not block upregulation of heparanase expression. In matrigel assay, after 48h incubation, number of BxPC-3 cells that penetrated the Matrigel-coated filter of transwell chamber was increased 96.2% in hypoxia (P<0.01), the Hpa AS-ODN (400 nmol/L) inhibited the invasive cells by 37.2% (P<0.05). Conclusions BxPC-3 cells invasion ability is enhanced by hypoxia through upregulation of heparanase mRNA and protein expression in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell lines.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the diagnosis and surgical management for severe injury of the pancreas. Method Fourteen patients with transected or derogated pancreatic trauma from January 1986 to December 1998 were reviewed. Result The mean age was 31 years.Injury was on the body and tail of the pancreas in 5 cases, on the neck in 6,and on the head in 3. Eleven patients suffered from compound injuries of the adjacent organs .Preoperative diagnosis was made in only 4 patients,diagnosis was achieved during first laparotomy in 9 patients ,and in second look in 1 patient.The operative procedure involved distal pancreatectomy in 5,proximal pancreatorrhaphy and distal pancreatojejunostomy in 5,head resection and distal pancreatojejunostomy in 3, and simple external drainage in 1.Fistula developed in 5 cases and perioperative mortality was 3/14.Conclusion Preoperative diagnosis for pancreas injury is difficult,and in most cases diagnosis can only be established during exploration.An appropriate operative procedure reduces the morbidity and mortality of pancreatic injuries.